The concern about lead chronic exposure has increased, mainly, in children and pregnant woman. Children exposure can occur during intrauterine life and can be aggravate during infancy. Lead toxicity affects, especially, the hematologic system, modifying the activity of several enzymes of heme synthetic pathway. This alteration results in blood accumulation of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its urinary excretion (ALA-U). The nutritional status can modify the susceptibility to lead exposure through the intake of calcium, iron, vitamin D and calories. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the lead exposure through ALA-U and zinc-protoporfirin (ZPP) in children. Nutritional status was evaluated by Vitamin D (25OHD) assay in blood and by ingestion of micronutrients important for bone metabolism. After standardization, plasma 25OHD was assayed in a population ranged from 1 to 16 years old and living in Manguinhos Complex, Rio de Janeiro. ALA-U, ZPP and alimentary consumption were evaluated in the same group. The 25OHD assay method revealed to be sensible and specific, being able to classify the deficiencies in soft, moderate and severe. The population presented great deficiency in calcium, iron, vitamin D and calories intakes and the highest deficiency the highest ALA-U indicating the more susceptible group. A negative correlation between ALA-U and hemoglobin-hematocrit was observed showing that this bioindicator can assess lead environmental exposures. In the evaluation of ZPP, 78.5% of the children showed values above the reference value. Vitamin D intakes also presented significant negative correlation with blood lead levels (Pb-B) and were able to predict Pb-B in 8.4%, demonstrating the importance of this nutritional factor in the exposure to lead.