The savanna-like “Cerrado” is one of the most important vegetation physiognomies of Brazil. It covers approximately 22% of the Brazilian territory with an area of two millions of square kilometers. Cerrado shows a very complex vegetation distribution and it is unique in the world. Despite of its importance, very little is known about its microbiological diversity and the biotechnological potential of its microorganisms. This area is being rapidly converted to pasture and agricultural fields without knowledge about its native microbial communities. The goal of this work was to isolate bacteria from Cerrado soil and perform the characterization of these bacterial isolates particularly focusing on the ability to secrete antimicrobial activities. We followed the bacterial community through modern cultivation methods from a Cerrado sensu stricto during the rainy and drought seasons. Cerrado areas converted to pasture, soybean fields and a riverbank forest were also surveyed. A total of 215 bacterial isolates with secretion of potential antimicrobial activities were catalogued. Some of these bacterial isolates presented antimicrobial activity against economically important plant pathogen fungi, i.e. Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp. and GRAM positive and negative animal pathogenic bacterial strains. The most interesting bacterial isolates had their genomic DNA purified and the 16S rDNA was amplified and sequenced for the initial isolate identification. The physical and chemical properties of these isolates antimicrobial activities will be presented.