Selection of Fungi and Optimization of Pharmaceutical Enzymes Production Nogueira, M.A.; Eloy, J.O.; Foster, V.C.; Piveta, M. B.; Said, S.
Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, FCFRP-USP, SP
Enzymes may act in pharmaceutical area as therapeutic agents, as intermediates in drug production, as active principle adjuvants or as targets for drug inhibitors or activators. Herein the selection and synthesis of three pharmaceutical interest enzymes, by fungi isolated from brazilian soil and plants (endophytic) were investigated. L-asparaginase is used as therapeutic agent against acute lymphocytic leukemia. Lipases usually show chimio- region- and stereoselectivity so they are used in drug production and keratinase is a protease which may be used in aminoacid production from keratin substrates. Three Aspergillus terreus strains isolated from different places and named A. terreus-1; A. terreus-2 and A. terreus-3 were previously selected as producers of L-asparaginase. Different nitrogen sources were used to increase the L-asparginase production and L-asparaginase activity was analyzed after 120 hours of incubation. Fungi which have produced lipase were detected by fluorescence under UV in solid medium containing Rhodamine B and those capable to produce keratinase were determined in the broth extracted from solid culture containing feather. Differently of A. terreus-1 which showed the best production of L-asparaginase in medium contained L-asparagine (2%) the highest levels of L-asparaginase were detected when A. terreus-2 and A. terreus-3 were grown in presence of L- proline 2.0% as nitrogen source. Lipase production was investigated in 128 fungi being 76 isolated from soil and 52 were endophytics. Lipase activity analyzed by high fluorescence was detected in the following soil fungi: MT 6.2; MT 6.3, MT 6.4; MT 6.5; RJ 1.1; Aspergillus terreus-1 and P 1.2), less fluorescence intensity was shown in P1.2; SC 3.1; SC 3.2. Lipase activity was also detected in endophytics TD 4; VA8; VR6, being higher the fluorescence emitted by the first two. Keratinase activity was investigated in 83 fungi being 34 from soil, 48 endophytics and one dermathophyte. Keratinase activity was detected in 7 fungi isolated from soil (plcA mutant of Aspergillus nidulans; Aspergillus nidulans; Paecilomyces lilacinus; Penicillium simplicissimum, P. ochrochloron; P. waksmanii; Aspergillus phoenix); in 4 endophytics (Guignardia bidurelii; TD 5; VR 1; VR 9) and one dermathophyte (Trichophyton sp) which showed the highest activity of keratinase. Supported by Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa-USP (Projeto 4) and FAPESP (2004/07935-6).
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