Beetle luciferases catalyze the production of bioluminescence in the green-red region of the spectrum. Many luciferases were cloned and sequenced; most of them from species of Lampyridae (fireflies). Despite accounting with the widest range of bioluminescence colors, only two railroadworm (Phengodidae) luciferases were cloned: the green emitting luciferase from Phrixothrix viviani lateral lanterns and the red emitting luciferase from the head lantern of P. hirtus. Therefore, in order to investigate the molecular evolution of railroadworm luciferases, recently we cloned two new luciferases from the body of two railroadworms: Brasilocerus sp. and Phrixothrix hirtus. Phrixothrix hirtus body luciferase has 545 residues and display highest similarity (99%) with the green emitting luciferase from the body of Phrixothrix viviani, and just 71% with the red luciferase from the head of its own specie. Brasilocerus sp. body luciferase also has 545 residues and display highest similarity with the body luciferases from P. hirtus (86%) and with P. viviani (85%). In a phylogenetic analysis, these new luciferases are grouped together with the body luciferase from P. viviani and not with the head luciferase from P. hirtus, proving that body and head luciferases from railroadworms are coded by paralogous genes. (Financial support: FAPESP)