Characterization of GGDEF domains of the secondary messenger c-di-GMP in Chromobacterium violaceum
Recouvreux, D.O.S.1; Pitlovanciv, A.K.2; Carminatti, C.A.1; Oliveira, I.L.1, Antônio, R.V.2; Porto, L.M.1
Genomic Engineering Group. 1Integrated Technologies Laboratory (InteLAB), Chemical and Food Engineering Department, UFSC, SC. 2Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Microorganisms Laboratory (LBBMM), Biochemistry Department, UFSC, SC. (dercer, luismar)@intelab.ufsc.br
The bis-(3`-5`)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) molecule has been identified, cross-genome compared, as a universal bacterial secondary messenger in regulating biofilm formation, autoaggregation, cellulose production, mobility, and other multicellular behaviors in diverse bacteria. The GGDEF domain found in many bacterial genomes was first identified in the response regulator PleD. PleD gene expression controls planctonic and a sessile life cycle in the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus. The function of most proteins containing the GGDEF domain remains unknown. Studies on cellulose biosynthesis regulation have shown that this process is controlled by c-di-GMP. In Acetobacter xylinum the genes encoding the enzymes diguanylate cyclase (c-di-GMP synthesis) and phosphodiesterase (c-di-GMP hydrolysis) contain an N-terminal PAS domain, followed by the GGDEF domain and a still uncharacterized EAL domain. The cellular level of the c-di-GMP is controlled by these two enzymes. Genetic evidences suggest that the GGDEF domain is responsible for the diguanylate cyclase activity. Biochemical studies showed that c-di-GMP is an allosteric activator of cellulose synthase in A. xylinum. In Gram-negative bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum (ATCC 12472) genome sequence, all genes needed for cellulose biosynthesis have been found. Experimental assays demonstrated the presence of cellulose in the extra-cellular matrix produced by this bacterium. In this work the C. violaceum genome was analyzed looking for the structure and the organization of the ORFs (open reading frames) with GGDEF domain, in order to identify GGDEF domains involved in cellulose biosynthesis. The methodology employed included bioinformatics tools that analysed genome information, such as GenBank, PFAM, PSI-Blast, ClustalW and Bioedit. These bioinformatics tools allowed the identification gene structure, domains and conserved sequences. The genome analysis identified 43 ORFs with at least one GGDEF domain in C. violaceum genome. Most of them are homologue to regulatory proteins. Usually GGDEF domain is associated with the synthesis of c-di-GMP. Thirteen ORFs with GGDEF domain in C. violaceum genome are homologue to the HmsT protein (Yersinia pestis) involved in phenotype autoagregation. One of these ORFs contains the domain organization PAS-GGDEF-EAL encoded the enzymes diguanylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase involved in cellulose biosynthesis.
Supported by CNPq.
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